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HealthChecks 有很多高级用法 —— 自定义检测健康状态、容器化、配合 Prometheus 等前端监控项目等等，这里只展示基本的使用方法

下文将展示 .NET Core 5 中 HealthChecks 的基本用法

环境

• Visual Studio 2019
• WIndows 10 2004
• .NET Core 5

参考

• AspNetCore 2.2 新特性—HealthCheck
• Health checks in ASP.NET Core

步骤

ASP.NET Core 2.2 就已经新增了 HealthCheck，不用 Nuget 包安装

但是官方实现了一些基本的检测组件（检测网络、系统资源、数据库状态等等）

1. 新建 ASP.NET Core 项目，安装 Nuget 组件

   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.System
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Network

   除了这两个组件外，还可以安装

   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.SqlServer
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.MongoDb
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Npgsql
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Redis
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.AzureStorage
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.AzureServiceBus
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.MySql
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.DocumentDb
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.SqLite
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Kafka
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.RabbitMQ
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.IdSvr
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.DynamoDB
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Oracle
   Install-Package AspNetCore.HealthChecks.Uris

   以使用对应功能

2. 在 Startup.cs 中注册 HealthChecks 服务

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) {
       //...
       services.AddHealthChecks()
           .AddDiskStorageHealthCheck(x => x.AddDrive("E", 1000_000_000L)) # 检测 E 盘是否有 1GB 空间
           .AddPrivateMemoryHealthCheck(1000_000_000L) # 最大私有内存不超过 1GB
           .AddVirtualMemorySizeHealthCheck(1000_000_000L) # 最大虚拟内存不超过 1GB
           .AddWorkingSetHealthCheck(1000_000_000L); # 最大工作内存不超过 1GB
   }

   在使用数据库检测时需要传入 ConnectionString，使用 Redis 检测则需要 Redis 服务器链接

3. 启用 HealthChecks 并配置路由

   using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;
   using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
   using Newtonsoft.Json; # 第三方 Json 组件
   using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;
   using System.Net.Mime;
   
   public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env) {
       //...
   
       app.UseHealthChecks("/health", new HealthCheckOptions {
           ResponseWriter = async (context, report) => {
               var result = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(
                   new {
                       status = report.Status.ToString(),
                       errors = report.Entries.Select(e => new { key = e.Key, value = Enum.GetName(typeof(HealthStatus), e.Value.Status) })
                   });
               context.Response.ContentType = MediaTypeNames.Application.Json;
               await context.Response.WriteAsync(result);
           }
       });
   
       //...
   }

自定义检测需要实现 IHealthCheck 接口，并在服务注册方法中添加

services.AddHealthChecks()
  .AddPrivateMemoryHealthCheck(“自定义检测名称”)

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